Kingdom of Ayutthaya was founded by U adventurer allegedly descended from a rich Chinese merchant who married royalty in 1350 to escape the threat of an epidemic, he moved his court to the south. into flooded areas rich XVI. On an island in the river, where he founded a new capital, which he called Ayutthaya, after Ayodhya in northern India, the city of the hero Rama in the Hindu epic Ramayana. Thong assumed the title of King Ramathibodi (1350-1360). Ramathibodi tried to unify his kingdom in 1360 he declared Theravada Buddhism the official religion of Ayutthaya and brought members of the Sangha community of monks from Sri Lanka to create a new religion, and spread the faith among his subjects. his He also compiled by law. Dharmashastra Indian (Hindu legal text) and custom Thailand, which became the basis of royal legislation. Composed in Pali - an Indo-Aryan language closely related to Sanskrit and the scriptures of Buddhism - it has the force of God's command. Supplemented by the Royal Decree Ramathibodi general legal code remains in effect until the end of the nineteenth century. At the end of the fourteenth century, Ayutthaya was regarded as the strongest power in Southeast Asia. But it lacked the manpower to dominate the region. In the last years of his reign, Ramathibodi had seized Angkor during what was to be the first of the assaults that Thailand has been very successful in the capital of Cambodia. Thailand's policy aimed at securing Ayutthaya's eastern frontier by preempting Vietnamese designs on Khmer territory. Weakened Khmer periodically submitted to the Thailand. But efforts by the city to maintain control Ayutthaya disappointed over and over again. TMB was diverted common to suppress rebellions in Sukhothai or to campaign against Chiang Mai, where the expansion of Ayutthaya was resisted tenaciously in Ayutthaya subdued the territory that had belonged to Sukhothai, and the year after Ramathibodi died, his empire was. recognized by the emperor of China's newly established Ming Dynasty as Sukhothai's rightful heir. Kingdom of Thailand is not a single unified state. But the patchwork of provincial and territorial autonomy Square because of loyalty to the king of Ayutthaya. These states were ruled by members of the royal family of Thailand has its own army and wage war against each other. King will need to be vigilant to prevent royal princes from combining against him or allying with enemies of Ayutthaya. Whenever the succession was in dispute, the official shall gather their forces and moved the capital to press their demands. In the fifteenth century Ayutthaya energy is brought to the Malay Peninsula, the great trading port of Malacca contested claims sovereignty of Thailand. Malacca and other Malay states south of Tambralinga became a Muslim in the early centuries of Islam, and later served as a symbol of solidarity with Thailand's Malay. Although Thailand has failed to make a vassal state of Malacca, Ayutthaya continued to control the lucrative trade on the isthmus, which attracted traders of Chinese goods for the luxury market in China. King of Thailand Parents, Thailand monarchs whose office was partly religious in nature. Their power comes from their quality is that they were believed to be there. King is a model of moral virtue of their people and their country living in peace and prosperity because of his award. Sukhothai Ramkhamhaeng was said to hear a complaint about any of that at the door, ring the bell to call his palace that the king is revered as the father of his people. But the father of the king of Ayutthaya under Khmer influence, the monarchy withdrew behind a wall of taboos and rituals. The king was considered sovereign Pali, Sanskrit words - for "wheels rolling" universal prince who through his adherence to laws around the world revolves around him. As a Hindu god Shiva. "Lord of the Universe," the King of Thailand became by comparison. "God's Land" featured in his appearance and bearing from his subjects. According to the court, exquisite manners even Phasa Ratchasap special language is used to communicate with or about royalty. As Devaraja (Sanskrit. "King of the Gods"), the King eventually be recognized as a nation of Shiva and became the object of political ideology, religion, officiated by the troops of Brahmin who was part of the retinue of Buddhist shrine. in the context Devaraja Buddhist Bodhisattva. (Enlightened being who, out of compassion, foregoes nirvana in order to aid others) belief in the reign of God prevailed in the eighteenth century, although at that time the religious impact. Ltd One of the innovations of various kings Trailok (1448-1488) is to create the position of heir or uparaja usually held by the king's senior son or full brother, in an attempt to orderly succession to the throne - is. success extremely difficult for the family polygamy. In practice, there is an inherent conflict between the king and uparaja and often disputed successions. Social and political The king stood at the apex of the social hierarchy and political stratification that grows throughout society. In Ayutthaya, the basic unit of social organization, community, village households consist of extended families. In general, the village's elected leaders for community projects. The ownership of the land on which the village residents held in the name of the community, even if the farmer is happy to use the land as long as they cultivated it. Provision of adequate land available for cultivation potential of the state, based on the acquisition and control of adequate manpower for farm labor and defense. The dramatic rise of Ayutthaya had entailed constant warfare and none of the individuals in possession technological advantage, the outcome of the struggle will be determined by the size of the army. After each victorious campaign, Ayutthaya carried away a number of conquered people to the land of their own where they were assimilated and added to the labor force. Everyone is free to register as a servant or a private local boss or Nai, military service and corvee labor on public works and on land, the official to whom he was assigned. Price can also fulfill the obligations of his job by paying taxes. If he thinks he's forced labor under his disgust, he can sell himself as a slave to be more interesting then pay the cost to the government in compensation for loss of use. corvee labor as much as a third of the manpower supply into the nineteenth century, include pride. Wealth, status and political relations. King has been allocated fields governor and commander of court officials in payment for their services, according to the King's honor system. The size of the allocation to each official was determined by the number of people he can work it. The number of people who are especially able to determine his status relative to others in the hierarchy and his wealth. At the other end of the hierarchy, the king landed on the territory of the headquarters of the largest number of primates called private capital. (Royal servants) who pay taxes, serve in the army and worked on. Crown land allotments King Trailok establishment of clear land and forest for the Royal Commission on each step in the hierarchy is determined social structure of the country until the introduction of salaries for government officials in the nineteenth century. China alone stands outside the social structure. They do not need to register for corvee duty, so they are free to move about the kingdom at will and engage in trade. By the sixteenth century, the Chinese controlled Ayutthaya internal trade and had found important places in the civil service and the military. Most of these people came to Thailand with his wife because few women left China to accompany the men. Sixteenth century saw the rise of Burma, the regime offensive had overrun Chiang Mai and Laos and made war against Thailand in 1569 Myanmar joined the rebels Thailand the city of Ayutthaya and carried off the royal family to Burma Dhammaraja. (1569-1590), governor of Thailand to help Myanmar has been installed as a vassal kings, Ayutthaya. Thailand's independence was restored by his son, King Naresuan (1590- 1605), which opened in Myanmar in 1600 and expelled from the country. Determined to prevent another treason like his father, Naresuan set about combining the administration of the country directly under the royal court of Ayutthaya. He ended the practice of nominating royal princes to govern Ayutthaya determine the court officials who were expected to execute policies handed down by the King. The son was detained in the capital. Their power struggle continues. But in court, under the watchful eye of the king. In order to keep control over his new class of governors, Naresuan decreed that all freemen who wishes to serve has become a jungle highway bound directly to the king that the Distribution Service. of them to his staff. This measure gave the king a theoretical monopoly on all manpower, and the idea developed that since the king owned the services of all the people, he also possessed all the land. Office and Secretary governorships - and that's sacred to them - were usually inherited positions dominated by a few families often connected to the king by marriage. Indeed, marriage was frequently used by the King of Thailand to cement alliances between themselves and powerful families, a custom prevailing through the nineteenth century. As a result of this policy, the wife of the king are numbered in the dozens. Even with Naresuan effective reform of government over the last 150 years should not be exceeded. His Royal Highness the Crown land - although in theory absolute- -was in practice limited by the looseness of the civil administration. The influence of central government ministers was not extensive beyond the capital until the end of the nineteenth century. Economic development Thailand has never lacked a rich food source. Farmers planting rice for their own consumption and to pay taxes. What remained was used to support religious institutions. Thirteen of the fifteenth century. But the dramatic changes occurring in the cultivation of rice, Thailand. In the highlands, where rainfall had to be supplemented with irrigation systems to control water levels in flooded Thailand sown rice remains a staple in the geographical regions of the North and Northeast. But in the floodplain of the Chao Phraya, farmers turned to a different variety of rice - the so-called floating rice, a slender nonglutinous rice from Bengal - to grow fast enough to keep up with the rising water. In the lowland Add a new strain more easily and abundantly, producing a surplus that can be sold abroad. Ayutthaya, located at the southern extremity of the floodplain has become a hub of economic activity. Nationals corvee labor dug canals, rice was brought from the fields to the king's ships for export to China. In the process, the Chao Phraya Delta - mud flats between the sea and land companies hitherto considered unsuitable for habitation - was reclaimed and under cultivation. Contact with the West In 1511 Ayutthaya received a diplomatic mission from the Portuguese, who earlier that year had conquered Malacca. These may be the first European to visit the country. Five years after that initial contact, Ayutthaya and Portugal concluded a treaty granting the Portuguese permission to trade in the Kingdom. A similar treaty in 1592 gave the Dutch a privileged position in the rice trade. Foreigners were greeted warmly at the court of King Narai the Great (1657-1688), who ruled with an international outlook, which is nonetheless wary of outside influences.
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